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Index
Introduction to Japanese Language
Introduction to Japanese Kanji
Introduction to Japanese Hiragana
Introduction to Japanese Katakana
Introduction to Japanese Onomatopoeia
Introduction to Japanese Pronunciation
Introduction to Japanese Grammar
Japanese and Nepali are also very similar in grammar too. Japanese like Nepali, structured SOV as "subject + object + verb" it means that can understand grammar intuitively.
Subject is called स्युगो / कर्ता represents main element of sentence like a वा / चाहिँ
Object is called मोकुतेकिगो / कर्म represents target of verb like a नानिवो / के
And verb is called दो-सी / क्रिया represents action by subject like a सिमासु / गर्नु
For example, subject वातासिवा / म चाहिँ + object गोहान्वो / भात + verb ताबेमासु / खान्छु
Based on this SOV structure, adding adjective केइयो-सी / विशेषण and adverb फुकुसी / क्रिया विशेषण and indicating past tense काकोके- / भूत काल and future tense मिराइकेइ / भविष्य काल enables a wide range of expressions.
In addition to this SOV structure, there are four basic sentence pattern. Here is explain sentence patterns four pattern.
名詞文 (मेइसिबुन्) नाम वाक्य
「名詞 (めいし) は + 名詞 (めいし) + です」
मेइसी वा + मेइसी + देसु / नाम + नाम + हो
eg：「私 (わたし) は + 学生 (がくせい) + です」
वातासी वा गाकुसेइ देसु / म चाहिँ विद्यार्थी हुँ ।
：「これ は + 教科書 (きょうかしょ) + です」
कोरे वा क्यो-कास्यो देसु / यो चाहिँ पाठ्यपुस्तक हो ।
नाम वाक्य ...वा ...देसु is explain about people, things, or situations to someone. वातासिवा ...देसु / म ...हुँ is a major phrase that's used in self introductions. By adding information to मेइसी / नाम can convey more detailed explanations to others. eg. वातासिनो नामाएवा ज्योन् देसु / मेरो नाम जोन् हो, कोरेवा निहोन्गोनो क्यो-कास्यो देसु / यो चाहिँ जापानीज पाठ्यपुस्तक हो such as expanding a long sentence.
※notice subject particle ...वा does not carry extent of emphasis present in the Nepali word चाहिँ
形容詞文 (केइयो-सिबुन्) विशेषण वाक्य
「名詞 (めいし) は + 形容詞 (けいようし) + です」
मेइसी वा + केइयो-सी + देसु / नाम + विशेषण + हो
eg：「東京 (とうきょう) は + にぎやか + です」
टोक्यो वा निगियाका देसु / टोक्यो चाहिँ चहलपहल हो ।
：「両親 (りょうしん) は + 元気 (げんき) + です」
र्यो-सिन् वा गेङ्की देसु / आमा – बुबा चाहिँ सन्चै हुनुहुन्छ ।
विशेषण वाक्य्य ...वा ...देसु is provide a more detailed explanation condition or state of मेइसी / नाम it is also used when conveying feelings or impressions. Adding か at end of sentence can make it into question sentence. So, you can expand communication skills in both speaking and listening.
動詞文 (दो-सिबुन्) क्रिया वाक्य
「名詞 (めいし) は + 名詞 (めいし) を + 動詞 (どうし)」
मेइसी वा + मेइसी वो + दो-सी / नाम + नाम + क्रिया
eg：「わたし は + ラーメン を + 食べます (たべます) 」
वातासि वा रा-मेन् वो ताबेमासु / म चाहिँ चाउचाउ खान्छु ।
：「朝 (あさ) は + サッカー を + します」
आसा वा साक्का- वो सिमासु / साँझ चाहिँ फुटबल खेल्छु ।
क्रिया वाक्य combination of स्युगो / कर्ता and दो-सी / क्रिया is expressing action, effect, or state of मेइसी / नाम it subject and verb alone are somewhat lacking in information. if only वातासिवा ताबेमासु / म खान्छु you'll be asked what you eat right away. Therefore, it is a good to add object before verb. Verbs like "to eat" that take a "what" complement will be important when learn particles later, so keep that in mind. Keeping this structure इचु / कहिले, दोकोदे / कहाँ, दारेगा / कसले, नानिवो / के, सिमासु / गर्नु in mind allows to create sentences rich in information.
存在文 (सोन्ज़ाइबुन्) अस्तित्व वाक्य
「人 (ひと) は + 場所 (ばしょ) に + います」
हितो वा + बास्यो नी + इमासु / व्यक्ति + ठाउँ + हुनुहुन्छ
「物 (もの) は + 場所 (ばしょ) に + あります」
मोनो वा + बास्यो नी + आरिमासु / वस्तु + ठाउँ + छ
「名詞 (めいし) は + 時間 (じかん) に + あります」
मेइसी वा + जिकान् नी + आरिमासु / नाम + समय + छ
eg：「母 (はは) は + 部屋 (へや) に + います」
हाहा वा हेया नी इमासु / आमा चाहिँ कोठामा हुनुहुन्छ ।
：「時計 (とけい) は + 机 (つくえ) に + あります」
तोकेइ वा चुकुए नी आरिमासु / घडी चाहिँ डेस्कमा छ ।
अस्तित्व वाक्य is स्युगो / कर्ता indicates a state of existence in place or time. It can accurately convey the location of what is where, or indicate times and schedules. When subject is a living being capable of movement (such as a person or animal) using this verb "इमासु / इमासेन्" and for other things (objects or events) using "आरिमासु / आरिमासेन्" additionally, careful to use of particles that connect verbs with place or time.
名詞文 (मेइसिबुन्) नाम वाक्य
名詞 (は) + 名詞 + です
मेइसी (वा) + मेइसी + देसु /
नाम + नाम + हो
eg：私 (は) 学生 です
वातासी (वा) गाकुसेइ देसु /
म चाहिँ विद्यार्थी हुँ ।
：これ (は) 教科書 です
कोरे (वा) क्यो-कास्यो देसु /
यो चाहिँ पाठ्यपुस्तक हो ।
This sentence pattern नाम वाक्य ...वा ...देसु is explain about people, things, or situations to someone. वातासिवा ...देसु / म ...हुँ is a major phrase that's used in self introductions.
By adding information to मेइसी / नाम can convey more detailed explanations to others. eg. वातासिनो नामाएवा ज्योन् देसु / मेरो नाम जोन् हो, कोरेवा निहोन्गोनो क्यो-कास्यो देसु / यो चाहिँ जापानीज पाठ्यपुस्तक हो such as expanding a long sentence.
※notice subject particle ...वा does not carry extent of emphasis present in the Nepali word चाहिँ
形容詞文 (केइयो-सिबुन्) विशेषण वाक्य
名詞 (は) + 形容詞 + です
मेइसी (वा) + केइयो-सी + देसु /
नाम + विशेषण + हो
eg：東京 (は) にぎやか です
टोक्यो (वा) निगियाका देसु /
टोक्यो चाहिँ चहलपहल हो ।
：両親 (は) 元気 です
र्यो-सिन् (वा) गेङ्की देसु /
आमा – बुबा चाहिँ सन्चै हुनुहुन्छ ।
विशेषण वाक्य्य ...वा ...देसु is provide a more detailed explanation condition or state of मेइसी / नाम it is also used when conveying feelings or impressions.
Adding का at end of sentence can make it into question sentence. So, you can expand communication skills in both speaking and listening.
動詞文 (दो-सिबुन्) क्रिया वाक्य
名詞 (は) + 名詞 (を) + 動詞
मेइसी (वा) + मेइसी (वो) + दो-सी /
नाम + नाम + क्रिया
eg：わたし (は) ラーメン (を) 食べます
वातासि (वा) रा-मेन् (वो) ताबेमासु /
म चाहिँ चाउचाउ खान्छु ।
：朝 (は) サッカー (を) します
आसा (वा) साक्का- (वो) सिमासु /
साँझ चाहिँ फुटबल खेल्छु ।
क्रिया वाक्य combination of स्युगो / कर्ता and दो-सी / क्रिया is expressing action, effect, or state of मेइसी / नाम it subject and verb alone are somewhat lacking in information. if only वातासिवा ताबेमासु / म खान्छु you'll be asked what you eat right away.
Therefore, it is a good to add object before verb. Verbs like "to eat" that take a "what" complement will be important when learn particles later, so keep that in mind. Keeping this structure इचु / कहिले, दोकोदे / कहाँ, दारेगा / कसले, नानिवो / के, सिमासु / गर्नु in mind allows to create sentences rich in information.
存在文 (सोन्ज़ाइबुन्) अस्तित्व वाक्य
人 (は) + 場所 (に) + います
हितो (वा) + बास्यो (नी) + इमासु /
व्यक्ति + ठाउँ + हुनुहुन्छ
物 (は) + 場所 (に) + あります
मोनो (वा) + बास्यो (नी) + आरिमासु /
वस्तु + ठाउँ + छ
名詞 (は) + 時間 (に) + あります
मेइसी (वा) + जिकान् (नी) + आरिमासु /
नाम + समय + छ
eg：母 (は) 部屋 (に) います
हाहा (वा) हेया (नी) इमासु /
आमा चाहिँ कोठामा हुनुहुन्छ ।
：時計 (は) 机 (に) あります
तोकेइ (वा) चुकुए (नी) आरिमासु /
घडी चाहिँ डेस्कमा छ ।
अस्तित्व वाक्य is स्युगो / कर्ता indicates a state of existence in place or time. It can accurately convey the location of what is where, or indicate times and schedules.
When subject is a living being capable of movement (such as a person or animal) using this verb "इमासु / इमासेन्" and for other things (objects or events) using "आरिमासु / आरिमासेन्" additionally, careful to use of particles that connect verbs with place or time.
These four are basic sentence patterns. About word order as well, verb at the end of sentence like Nepali. Nepali verbs conjugate according to subject, but one characteristic of Japanese grammar is that verbs do not conjugate. There are various other sentence patterns, but you will acquire knowledge of sentence structure whilst learning how to combine adjectives and use particles. Depending on textbooks, Minna no Nihongo I and II cover approximately 200 sentence patterns. This material is well suited for acquiring vocabulary and everyday conversation skills, so please refer to that.
jpnplab.com plan to focus our Japanese lessons on Minna no Nihongo in the future. We also plan to expand our learning content of practical sentence patterns and daily conversation that dosen't on the exam. To as many Nepali student for Japanese language learners succeed as possible, dreams never fade away.
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